Farm Doctor: What to do when you have the flu

We’re in the midst of flu season, when coughs, colds, and “the flu” are at their peak, often lingering for what feels like weeks and potentially disrupting farm businesses.

Influenza, or the flu, is a viral infection that brings on a high fever, muscle aches, and a persistent cough.

While cases typically surge from December to January, the influenza virus can linger year-round.

In this month’s Farm Doctor, Camilla Baker delves into what the flu is, how to recognise its symptoms, and when it’s time to seek medical advice.

See also: Farm Doctor – what to do when children have breathing problems

What is the flu?

The flu, short for influenza, is caused by various strains of the influenza virus, with types A and B being the most common.

“This contagious illness can affect anyone, but its symptoms and impact can vary,” says Camilla.

For older children and adults, common symptoms include:

• High fever
• Sweats
• Muscle aches
• Sore throat
• Headache
• Runny nose.

“The cough associated with flu is typically dry, meaning it doesn’t produce phlegm,” Camilla explains.

In general, influenza tends to cause more severe illness compared to other viral infections, and even young, healthy individuals may need to take several days to fully recover.

The illness generally lasts two to seven days, with the worst symptoms typically occurring on days two and three.

How does the flu spread?

The flu virus spreads through droplets when an infected person sneezes or coughs. Proper hygiene is key to limiting the spread.

Camilla notes: “It is important to cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, wash your hands frequently with soap and water, and disinfect surfaces regularly.”

Dr Camilla Baker © Camilla Baker

Managing the flu at home

For most people, no doctor visit is necessary to manage the flu. The body’s immune system will usually fight off the virus on its own. Time is often the best treatment.

“Drinking plenty of fluids and staying hydrated is essential,” says Camilla. Along with hydration, practising good hand hygiene helps prevent the spread of the virus.

Over-the-counter treatments such as paracetamol or ibuprofen can alleviate fever and muscle aches.

For sore throat and nasal congestion, throat lozenges, decongestant tablets, and cough syrups may also offer some relief.

However, Camilla says: “It is important not to give over-the-counter cough and cold medications to children under the age of 12, as they can cause more harm than good.”

Antibiotics are not effective against the flu as they only treat bacterial infections, not viral ones.

Who is at higher risk?

While most people recover without issues, some individuals are more vulnerable.

“Those with weakened immune systems are at a higher risk of developing severe complications,” says Camilla.

For these individuals, antiviral medications such as oseltamivir may be prescribed. These medications work by slowing the virus’s ability to multiply.

When should you seek medical advice?

“If you are otherwise healthy, it’s unlikely that the flu will cause severe complications,” says Camilla.

However, the flu’s cough can persist for up to two weeks, even after other symptoms subside.

The most common complication is a chest infection, which is a secondary bacterial infection.

Those most at risk for secondary infections include the elderly, young children, and individuals with a compromised immune system.

If a bacterial infection is suspected, it can typically be treated with antibiotics.

However, green phlegm does not always indicate a bacterial infection, so it’s important to seek professional medical advice if concerned.

“By following good hygiene practices, staying hydrated, and taking over-the-counter treatments when necessary, you can manage flu symptoms effectively and avoid spreading the virus.”